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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing?
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Illusion - Is Seeing Really Believing (1998)(Marshall Media)[Mac-PC].iso
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00094_Field_94.txt
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1996-12-31
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In the critical test, also
conducted in the dark, the
larger circle was placed farther
back so that it subtended a
visual angle equal to the
smaller circle. If the rats
already possessed the ability to
perceive constancy of size, the
larger circle, farther away,
should look larger. However,
the rats equally often ran to the
small circle as to the large
circle. In another variation,
the larger circle was moved so
far away that its visual angle
was the smaller one; in these
trials, the rats chose the other,
objectively smaller circle (the
visual angle of which was
larger).
A control group of rats reared
in daylight and then given the
same training and test in the
dark consistently chose the
objectively larger circle. These
results indicate that the rats
reared in daylight had already
achieved constancy and that
the rats raised in the dark did
not misperceive size because of
inadequate distance cues in the
dark alleys. Finally, the
experimental animals were
placed back in lighted cages for
a week. They were then
retested in the experimental
alleys and found to behave like
the normally reared rats: They
displayed constancy. Thus,
during the single week of
relatively restricted
locomotion in a small cage (and
perhaps during a much shorter
period of time), something
happened to alter perception
from nonconstancy to
constancy of size. This
experiment suggests two things:
Size constancy--at least in
rats--is a consequence of
experience, and size constancy
may be a result of exposure to
dynamic change of visual
angle, that is, experience of
objects moving toward and away
from them and experience of
their own motion toward and
away from objects.